Thanks to the dramatic increase in our domestic capabilities to produce oil and natural gas, the U.S. can now pivot away from a goal of just "energy independence" to instead flex market power to reset the geopolitical status quo in energy. And, for the long-term goal of ultimately finding alternatives to today's necessary dependence on hydrocarbons, that requires abandoning research approaches that have failed to deliver. To advance both these goals, Congress and the new Trump administration should radically expand energy exports and completely restructure federal energy research and development programs.
“America now has an unprecedented chance to take a leading role in today's global energy markets and tomorrow's technologies”
The majority of the world's hydrocarbon trade is dominated by nation-state companies, often directed by authoritarian regimes that wield energy riches as weapons of influence and intimidation. OPEC and Russia, for example, account for 70 percent of world oil traded today. The U.S. now has the opportunity to upset this global status quo.
Petroleum is the world's largest traded commodity and is more critical to global commerce than at any time in history. Demand for it will rise for the foreseeable future, too. No single U.S. foreign policy action could match the strategic power of pledging — and following through — to aggressively boost America's role in global energy markets. Facilitating access to foreign markets for U.S. hydrocarbon producers would also provide America a sustained economic stimulus, potentially generating, directly and indirectly, millions of new jobs and creating vast new wealth.
To do so, the U.S. does not need to be a net exporter. World oil prices collapsed in 2014 because America oversupplied markets and long before a single barrel of crude was exported. And the mere prospect of U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports hammered global natural gas prices.
It's true that Congress voided, in 2015, the nearly half-century ban on U.S. crude oil exports and that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has been approving some LNG export projects. But these steps are not sufficient. The new administration needs to establish a clear export-centric energy strategy.
Two high-profile actions would signal that the game has changed. First, the new administration should create an Office for Energy Exports whose goal would be to assist rather than impede exporters. As part of a law establishing this office, Congress should eliminate the requirement that U.S. firms need permission from the DOE to sell LNG overseas, as well as remove State Department authority over international pipelines. Second, the administration should launch a multinational trade mission to promote American firms as new suppliers for energy-importing nations and facilitate long-term trade frameworks.
A variety of related policy actions would be needed. These include restructuring or repealing renewable fuel mandates that hobble petroleum refiners and impede their rising export capabilities; approving the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines; opening up and expediting access to federal lands; and canceling the last-minute regulations that the lame-duck administration is rushing through, including the misguided ban on shale-field methane emissions. And, in order to identify and prioritize longer-term policies, create a public-private Energy Infrastructure Commission focused on private and public actions needed for critical energy infrastructures, from pipelines and refineries, to rail lines and ports.
The U.S. government also has a vital role in research and development — a "public good." But the only significant disruption to the status quo in energy domains in the past 40 years — despite hundreds of billions of dollars spent on alternatives to hydrocarbons — has been the unplanned, unsubsidized emergence of U.S. shale technology. In the past decade, shale oil and gas supplied America with 2,000 percent more energy than did solar and wind.
Congress and the administration should refocus near-term federal energy R&D onto basic shale geosciences. Less than 10 percent of the DOE's energy budget is associated with hydrocarbons, which supply over 80 percent of U.S. and global energy and will do so for decades, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. And while America's shale industry spends billions of dollars to develop technologies, very little of this is in basic sciences. Better science can lead to better technologies with the capability to increase U.S. oil and gas production at ever-lower costs.
Then, to secure America's long-run energy advantage in the pursuit of non-hydrocarbon alternatives comparable in scale and cost to shale hydrocarbons, Congress and the administration should refocus the overall federal R&D budget more heavily onto the basic sciences. Less than one-third of overall federal nondefense R&D spending targets basic science. Worse, federal R&D, especially in energy technology, is increasingly misdirected to politically favored causes and companies, as well as to yesterday's technologies.
Bill Gates has called for a tripling of the DOE's basic science spending to find "an energy miracle." This can be done by reducing spending and subsidies on applied research that is intended to incrementally advance existing alternative technologies—a mission more properly, and already significantly, undertaken by the private sector.
Where will we find energy miracles? We will find them from the undirected (i.e., not centrally planned) pursuit of, among others: radically new classes of computationally designed materials; genetic engineering (such as inventing bacteria that excrete diesel fuel); and foundational advances in understanding nature's processes and, collaterally, our ability to control them with the emergence of powerful cyber-physical systems.
To advance any of this, tax policies should be restructured to encourage businesses to direct more capital into basic research. Industries already spend far more on R&D than the federal government but only 5 percent on basic science.
America now has an unprecedented chance to take a leading role in today's global energy markets and tomorrow's technologies. The new Congress and administration should take advantage of this massive opportunity.
This piece originally appeared at the Washington Examiner
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Mark P. Mills is a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute and author of Expanding America's Petroleum Power: Geopolitics in the Third Oil Era. Follow him on Twitter here.
This piece originally appeared in Washington Examiner